CHAPTER 7 - STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION DATABASE

RELATIONAL DATABASE FUNDAMENTAL 

• Information is everywhere in an organization
• Information stored in database

          Database - maintains information about various type types of object ( inventory),                                 events ( transactions), people ( employees ), and places ( warehouse)

• Database models include :

          - Hierarchical database model - information is organized into a tree-like structure                    (using the parent/child relationships) in such a way that it cannot have to many relationship 

          - Network database model - a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships

          - Relational database model ( RDM ) - stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables

HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE

NETWORK STRUCTURE

RELATIONAL STRUCTURE

ENTITIES AND ATTRIBUTE

• Entity - a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored

          - The rows in each table contain the entities

• Attributes (fields,columns ) - characteristics or properties of an entity class 

          - The columns in each table contain the attributes

KEY AND RELATIONSHIPS

•  Primary keys and foreign keys identify the various entity classes ( tables ) in the database

           - Primary key - a field ( or group of fields ) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table

           - Foreign key - a primary key of one table that appear an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables

• Potential relational database for Coca-Cola

RELATIONAL DATABASE ADVANTAGES

Database advantages from a business perspective include

• Increased flexibility
• Increased scalability and performance
• Reduced information redundancy
• Increased information integrity ( quality)
• Increased information security

INCREASED FLEXIBILITY

A well - designed database should :

• Handle changes quickly and easily
• Provide users with different views
• Have only one physical view
• - Physical view - deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device eg hard disk 
• Have multiple logical views
• - Logical view - focuses on how users logically access information
• Eg: a mail-order buss - 2 people view diff format ( logical views ) but same physical view

INCREASED SCALABILITY  AND PERFORMANCE

A database must scale to meet increased demand, while maintaining  acceptable performance levels.

• Scalability - refers to how well a system can adapt to increased
• Performance - measures how quickly a system performance a certain process or transaction 

REDUCED  INFORMATION REDUNDANCY

Database reduce information redundancy

• Redundancy - the duplication of information or storing the same information in multiple places

Inconsistency is one of the primary problems with redundant information - difficult to decide which is most current and most accurate

INCREASE INFORMATION INTEGRITY  ( QUALITY )

Information integrity - measures the quality of information

Integrity constraint - rules that help ensure the quality of information 

• Relational integrity constraint - rules that enforces basic and fundamentals information - based constraint
• Business-critical integrity constraint - rule that enforce business rules vital to an organization's success and often requires more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints

INCREASED INFORMATION SECURITY 

Information is an organizational asset and must be protected

Database offer several security feature including : 

• Password - provides authentication of the user 
• Access level - determines who has access to the different types of information
• Access control - determines type of user access, such as read-only access

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Database management system ( DBMS ) - software through which users and application programs interact with a database

   

DATA-DRIVEN WEB SITES

Data-driven web site - an interactive web site kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of database

7 DATA-DRIVEN WEB SITE BUSINESS ADVANTAGES 

• Development : allows the Web site owner to make changes any-time--all without having to rely on a developer or knowing HTML programming
• Content management : A ststic Web site requires a programmer to make updated
• Future expandability : Having a data-driven web-site enables the site to grow faster than would be possible with a ststic site
• Minimizing human error : A well -designed, data-driven Web sites will have " error trapping " mechanisms to ensure that required information is filled out correctly and that content is entered and displayed in its correct format
• Cutting production and updated costs :  a data-driven web site can be updated and "published" by any competent data entry or administrative person .
• More efficient : with a data-driven solution , the system keeps track of the templates , so users do not have to
• Improved stability : with data-driven web sites .there is peace of mind , knowing the content is never lost-- even if your programmer is

DATA-DRIVEN BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

• BI in a data-driven web sites

INTEGRATING INFORMATION AMONG MULTIPLE DATABASE

Integration - allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other

• Forward integration - takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes

• Backward integration - takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and process 

Building a central repository specifically for integrated information

without integration , an organization

•  Spend considerable time entering the same info in multiple system
• Suffer from the low quality and inconsistency typically embedded in redundant info

hope you all can understand this chapter :)